The Fourth Alabama Painting by Don Troiani

McDowell's Army

Major J G Barnard, chief engineer, McDowell's Army

Major J G Barnard, chief engineer, McDowell's Army

United States Corps Engineers

MAJOR J G BARNARD, Chief Engineer
Major J G Barnard, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed chief engineer, Department of Washington, by General Orders No.11, Headquarters, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., on 28 April, 1861, and chief engineer, McDowell's Army, under the command of Brigadier General I McDowell, United States Army, on 2 July, 1861.

Captain M C Meigs

Captain M C Meigs, United States Corps Engineers, was stationed at Washington, D. C., between 31 March and 3 April, 1861, and was ordered to proceed by the Washington Branch, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, to New York City, New York County, New York, in the evening on 3 April, 1861. He was accompanied by Lieutenant Colonel E D Keyes, Military Secretary to Brevet Lieutenant General & Major General W Scott, United States Army, and First Lieutenant D D Porter, United States Navy, and arrived at New York City, New York County, New York, in the evening on 3 April, 1861.

Fort Hamilton, New Utrecht, Brooklyn, Kings County, New York, to Fort Pickens, Santa Rosa Island, Florida, 7-16 April, 1861: Captain M C Meigs, United States Corps Engineers, was ordered to proceed by the steamer Atlantic to Fort Pickens, Santa Rosa Island, Florida, under the command of Brevet Colonel & Major H Brown, 2nd United States Artillery, at 3.30 AM on 7 April, 1861, and arrived at Triangle Shoals, two miles south of Fort Taylor, Key West, Monroe County, Florida, at 2 PM on 13 April, 1861. He was ordered to Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas, Monroe County, Florida, at 6 AM on 14 April, 1861, and arrived at 2 PM the same day. The steamer Atlantic was ordered to Fort Pickens, Santa Rosa Island, Florida, at 9 PM on 14 April, 1861, and arrived at 6.30 PM on 16 April, 1861.

Note: Captain M C Meigs, United States Corps Engineers; Brevet Colonel & Major H Brown, 2nd United States Artillery; and First G T Lieutenant Balch, United States Ordnance Department, disembarked at Fort Taylor, Key West, Monroe County, Florida, in the afternoon on 13 April, 1861, and Captain M C Meigs, United States Corps Engineers, and Captain W F Barry, 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company A, disembarked at Fort Pickens, Santa Rosa Island, Florida, in the morning on 17 April, 1861.

Steamer Atlantic: Brevet Colonel & Major H Brown, 2nd United States Artillery; Captain M C Meigs, United States Corps Engineers; 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company A, Captain W F Barry; 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company M, Brevet Major & Captain H J Hunt; United States Corps Engineers, detachment, First Lieutenant J C Duane; 3rd United States Infantry, Company C, Second Lieutenant J McL Hildt; 3rd United States Infantry, Company E, Captain H B Clitz

Garrison at Fort Pickens, Santa Rosa Island, Florida, 25 April, 1861: Brevet Colonel & Major H Brown, 2nd United States Artillery; 1st United States Artillery (80), Company A, Captain I Vogdes; 1st United States Artillery (40), Light Company G, First Lieutenant A J Slemmer; 2nd United States Artillery (90), Light Company A, Captain W F Barry; 2nd United States Artillery (90), Company H, Brevet Colonel & Captain H Brooks; 2nd United States Artillery (88), Company K, Captain H A Allen; 2nd United States Artillery (90), Light Company M, Brevet Major & Captain H J Hunt; 3rd United States Infantry (87), Company C, Second Lieutenant J McL Hildt; 3rd United States Infantry (90), Company E, Captain H B Clitz; United States Corps Engineers (60), detachment, First Lieutenant J C Duane

Note: Captain M C Meigs, United States Corps Engineers, was ordered to proceed by the steamer Atlantic to New York City, New York County, New York, at 11 AM on 23 April, 1861, and arrived at Key West, Monroe County, Florida, at 4 AM on 25 April, 1861. He was ordered to Havana, Havana Province, Cuba, at 11 AM the same day and arrived in the evening on 25 April, 1861. Captain M C Meigs, United States Corps Engineers, was ordered to New York City, New York, New York County, New York, at 1.30 PM on 27 April, 1861, and arrived in the morning on 1 May, 1861.

Captain B S Alexander

Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, was assigned to the First Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Brigadier General D Tyler, Connecticut Militia, on 15 July, 1861.

Company Unlettered Pioneers & Axemen (60), 1st Ohio Infantry, 2nd Ohio Infantry, & 2nd New York State Militia, detachment: Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, was assigned to command a detachment of pioneers and axemen A detachment of the 1st Ohio Infantry, the 2nd Ohio Infantry, and the 2nd New York State Militia was assigned as pioneers and axemen to the First Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, on 15 July, 1861.

Assignment: First Division, McDowell's Army

Note: Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed assistant engineer, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., between 1 May and 8 July, 1861.

First Lieutenant D C Houston, United States Corps Engineers, First Division, McDowell's Army, 15 July, 1861: Second Lieutenant D C Houston, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed assistant engineer, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., between 13 May, 1861, and 6 February, 1862, and was appointed first lieutenant, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.24, Paragraph I, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 22 May, 1861, dated 2 May, 1861. First Lieutenant D C Houston, United States Corps Engineers, was assigned to the First Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Brigadier General D Tyler, Connecticut Militia, on 15 July, 1861.

Captain D P Woodbury

Captain D P Woodbury, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed assistant engineer, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., on 29 April, 1861, and was assigned to the Second Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel D Hunter, 3rd United States Cavalry, on 15 July, 1861.

Assignment: Second Division, McDowell's Army

Note: Captain D P Woodbury, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed major, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.64, Paragraph I, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 22 August, 1861, dated 6 August, 1861.

Brevet Second Lieutenant C E Cross, United States Corps Engineers, Second Division, McDowell's Army, 15 July, 1861: Brevet Second Lieutenant C E Cross, United States Corps Engineers, was assigned to drill volunteers in and around Washington, D. C., between 7 and 25 May, 1861, and was appointed assistant engineer, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., between 27 May and 1 July, 1861. He was assigned to command a working party of sappers and miners on 15 July, 1861, and was appointed second lieutenant, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.64, Paragraph I, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 22 August, 1861, dated 6 May, 1861.

Assignment: Second Division, McDowell's Army

Captain H G Wright,

Captain H G Wright, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed volunteer aid to Colonel S P Heintzelman, 17th United States Infantry, in the morning on 24 May, 1861, and to the Third Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel S P Heintzelman, 17th United States Infantry, on 15 July, 1861.

Assignment: Third Division, McDowell's Army

Note: Captain H G Wright, United States Corps Engineers, was assigned to build Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, between 25 May and 15 July, 1861, and was appointed major, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.64, Paragraph I, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 22 August, 1861, dated 6 August, 1861.

First Lieutenant G W Snyder, United States Corps Engineers, Third Division, McDowell's Army, 15 July, 1861: First Lieutenant G W Snyder, United States Corps Engineers, was stationed at Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbour, South Carolina, between 27 December, 1860, and 14 April, 1861, and was stationed at Fort Washington, Prince George's County, Maryland, between 29 April and 27 May, 1861. He was appointed assistant engineer, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., between 27 May and 1 July, 1861, and was assigned to the Third Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel S P Heintzelman, 17th United States Infantry, between 1 and 30 July, 1861. First Lieutenant G W Snyder, United States Corps Engineers, was on a sick leave at Washington, D. C., on 30 July, 1861, and died on 17 November, 1861.

Brevet Second Lieutenant F U Farquhar, United States Corps Engineers, Third Division, McDowell's Army, 15 July, 1861: Cadet F U Farquhar, United States Military Academy, was appointed brevet second lieutenant, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.41, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 3 July, 1861, dated 24 June, 1861, and was assigned as a drill instructor at Washington, D. C., between 24 June and 11 July, 1861. He was appointed acting aid de camp to Colonel S P Heintzelman, 17th United States Infantry, Third Division, McDowell's Army, on 15 July, 1861, and second lieutenant, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.64, Paragraph I, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 22 August, 1861, dated 6 August, 1861.

Note: A detachment of United States Military Academy Cadets (32) was ordered to Washington, D. C., on 30 June, 1861, and arrived in the morning on 3 July, 1861.

FIRST Lieutenant F E PRIME

First Lieutenant F E Prime, United States Corps Engineers, was assigned to the Fifth Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel D S Miles, 2nd United States Infantry, on 15 July, 1861,

Thirty-ninth New York Infantry, detachment of pioneers: A detachment of pioneers of the 39th New York Infantry, under the command of First Lieutenant F E Prime, United States Corps Engineers, was ordered to build a redoubt and two embrasures on the old Braddock Road in the morning on 21 July, 1861 (See the 39th New York Infantry).

Assignment: Fifth Division, McDowell's Army

Note: First Lieutenant F E Prime, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed assistant engineer, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., between 28 April and 3 July, 1861, and was ordered to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 16 July, 1861. He was accompanied by a detachment of the 4th New Jersey Militia (10), under the command of Sergeant C J Field, Company F, and arrived in the afternoon on 18 July, 1861. First Lieutenant F E Prime, United States Corps Engineers, was stationed at Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 3.30 AM on 22 July, 1861, and was ordered to Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, in the morning the same day. He was accompanied by the 2nd Michigan Infantry and the 3rd Michigan Infantry to Bailey's Crossroads, Fairfax County, Virginia, on 22 July, 1861, and arrived by the Leesburg & Alexandria Turnpike at Alexandria, Alexandria County, Virginia, at 12 PM the same day. First Lieutenant F E Prime, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed captain, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.64, Paragraph I, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 22 August, 1861, dated 6 August, 1861.

United States Corps Engineers/ Sappers & Miners

First Lieutenant J C Duane

The United States Corps Engineers (62), detachment, under the command of First Lieutenants J C Duane and G Weitzel, was ordered to Washington, D. C., on 19 January, 1861, and arrived by the Washington Branch, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, at 6 AM on 20 January, 1861 (See the United States Army, Department of Washington).

Note: The United States Corps Engineers was stationed at the Fort Clinton, 350 yards northeast of West Point, Orange County, New York, on 18 January, 1861, and First Lieutenant J C Duane, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed captain, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.64, Paragraph I, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 22 August, 1861, dated 6 August, 1861.

Department of Washington

First Lieutenant F E Prime, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed assistant engineer, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., between 28 April and 3 July, 1861; Captain D P Woodbury, United States Corps Engineers, between 29 April, 1861, and 10 March, 1862; Second Lieutenant H M Robert, United States Corps Engineers, between 29 April and 17 October, 1861; Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, between 1 May and 8 July, 1861; Second Lieutenant D C Houston, United States Corps Engineers, between 13 May, 1861, and 6 February, 1862; and First Lieutenant G W Snyder and Brevet Second Lieutenant C E Cross, United States Corps Engineers, between 27 May and 1 July, 1861.

Fort Ellsworth

Captain H G Wright, United States Corps Engineers, was assigned to build Fort Ellsworth, on Shuter's Hill, one mile west of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 25 May, 1861, and was named in honour of Colonel E E Ellsworth, 11th New York Infantry dated June, 1861 (See the 11th New York Infantry).

Stationed at Fort Ellsworth, on Shuter's Hill, one mile west of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Virginia, 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company D, 15 July, 1861: The 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company D, under the command of Captain R Arnold, 5th United States Artillery, Light Company G, was stationed at Fort Ellsworth, on Shuter's Hill, one mile west of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 15 July, 1861.

Garrison duty at Fort Ellsworth, on Shuter's Hill, one mile west of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Virginia, 19 July, 1861: 17th New York Infantry, Companies E & F

Note: The 17th New York Infantry arrived at Camp Lorrillard, 200 yards south of Fort Ellsworth, on Shuter's Hill, one mile west of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Virginia, at 6.30 PM on 15 July, 1861 (See the 17th New York Infantry).

Fort Runyon

The 2nd New Jersey Militia, the 3rd New Jersey Militia, and the 4th New Jersey Militia, under the supervision of Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, were assigned to build Fort Runyon, in the vicinity of Columbia Springs, Alexandria County, Virginia, in the morning on 24 May, 1861, and he 21st New York Infantry, Companies A, B, C, D, F, G, H, and I, were assigned to garrison duty at Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, at 4 PM on 14 July, 1861 (See the 21st New York Infantry).

Note: The 7th New York State Militia, Corps Engineers, under the command of Captain E Viele, were ordered to level to the ground a peach orchard of 300 trees on 25 May, 1861 (See the Three Months' Volunteers, Department of Washington).

Garrison duty at Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company G, 7-15 July, 1861: The 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company G, under the command of First Lieuteant O D Greene, 2nd United States Artillery, Company B, was assigned to garrison duty at Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, between 7 and 15 July, 1861 (See the 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company G).

Stationed at Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, 1st United States Artillery, Light Company G, 14-16 July, 1861: The 1st United States Artillery, Light Company G, under the command of First Lieutenant J Edwards, Jr., 3rd United States Artillery, Company B, was stationed at Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, between 14 and 16 July, 1861 (See the 1st United States Artillery, Light Company G)..

Garrison duty at Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, 21 July, 1861: Captain T Seymour, 5th United States Artillery, Light Company C; 21st New York Infantry, Companies A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, Colonel W F Rogers (See the 5th United States Artillery, Light Company D)

Fort Jackson

The 21st New York Infantry, Company E, was assigned to garrison duty at Fort Jackson, Jackson City, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 14 July, 1861 (See the 21st New York Infantry).

Note: The 21st New York Infantry, Company K, under the command of Captain J M Layton, was stationed at a bastion, overlooking the Washington & Alexandria Turnpike, between Fort Jackson, Jackson City, and Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 21 July, 1861.

Garrison duty at Fort Jackson, Jackson City, Alexandria County, Virginia, 21 July, 1861: 21st New York Infantry, Company E, Captain J C Strong

Garrison duty at bastion, overlooking the Washington & Alexandria Turnpike, between Fort Jackson, Jackson City, & Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia & the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, 21 July, 1861: 21st New York Infantry, Company K, Captain J M Layton

Fort Albany

The 71st New York State Militia, the 12th New York State Militia, and 25th New York State Militia, under the supervision of Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, were assigned to build Fort Albany, northwest of J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, dated May, 1861, and was named in honour of the State of New York on 4 July, 1861.

Note: The 25th New York State Militia was assigned stationed at Fort Albany, northwest of J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 21 June, 1861.

Garrison duty at Fort Albany, northwest of J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, 21 July, 1861: 25th New York State Militia, Colonel M K Bryan

Fort Corcoran

The 69th New York State Militia was assigned to build Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, dated May, 1861, and was named in honour of Colonel M Corcoran, 69th New York State Militia Infantry, in the evening on 22 June, 1861 (See the 69th New York State Militia).

Note: Colonel D Hunter, 3rd United States Cavalry, was stationed at Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 3 July, 1861.

Camp/ Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, 69th New York State Militia, 24 May-16 July, 1861: The 69th New York State Militia was stationed at Camp/ Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, between 24 May and 16 July, 1861.

Note: The 2nd Wisconsin Infantry was stationed at Camp Peck, south of Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 24 July, 1861

Garrison duty at Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, 11 July, 1861: The 28th New York State Militia, Companies B, C, D, H, and K, were assigned to garrison duty at Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 11 July, 1861 (See the 28th New York State Militia).

Garrison duty at Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, 21 July, 1861: 28th New York State Militia, Companies B, C, D, H, K, Colonel M P Bennett

Note: The 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company A, under the command of Captain E B Martin, was ordered to Fort Corcoran, a quarter of a mile southwest of W Ross' farm, Rosslyn, Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 11 August, 1861.

Aqueduct Bridge & Blockhouses

The 28th New York State Militia was assigned to build Blockhouse Nos.2 and 3, south of the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., dated July, 1861, and Company E, was assigned to guard duty at the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C.; Company F at Blockhouse No.2, south of the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C.; and Company A at Blockhouse No.3, south of the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., on 11 July, 1861 (See the 28th New York State Militia).

Note: The 28th New York State Militia, Companies A, E, and F, were assigned to garrison duty at Blockhouse Nos.2 and 3, south of the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., and the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., on 21 July, 1861.

Garrison duty at Blockhouse Nos.2 & 3, south of the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., & Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., 21 July, 1861: 28th New York State Militia, Company A, Captain L G T Bruer; Company E, Captain A P Beadle; Comapny F, Captain A Schepper

Fort Bennett

The 28th New York State Militia was assigned to build Fort Bennett, a quarter of a mile northwest of Ross', Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, dated May, 1861, and was named in honour of Colonel M P Bennett, 28th New York State Militia (See the 28th New York State Militia).

Note: The 28th New York State Militia, Companies G and I, were assigned to garrison duty at Fort Bennett, a quarter of a mile northwest of Ross', Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 11 July, 1861

Garrison at Fort Bennett, a quarter of a mile northwest of Ross', Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, 21 July, 1861: 28th New York State Militia, Company G, Captain J Rueger; Company I, Captain C Kiehl

Sources

"A company of sappers and miners, ordered from West Point, arrived in the cars at six o'clock yesterday morning. They number sixty-two men, and are officered by Lieutenants Duane and Weitzel."

National Republican (Washington, D. C.), 21 January, 1861 - Sixty-two Sappers and Miners from West Point

"Major J. G. Barnard, Chief Engineer; Capt. D. P. Woodbury; Lieut. F. E. Prime, and Lieut. H M Robert, Assistants; all of the U.S. corps of Engineers."

National Republican (Washington, D. C.), 3 May, 1861 - Departmental Staff

"Important fortifications on Shuter's Hill have progressed so far as to show the impregnable character intended by the designer, Lieut. G. W. Synder, late of Fort Sumter."

Evening Star (Washington, D. C.), 5 June, 1861 - Affairs in Alexandria, Va., 4 June, 1861

"Lieut. G. W. Synder, of the engineer corps, one of the Sumter heroes, is here, who with Captain Wright, of the same corps, is directing the work upon the entrenchments at Shuter's Hill."

Evening Star (Washington, D. C.), 18 June, 1861 - Affairs in Alexandria, Va., 17 June, 1861

"A test, this afternoon, of the rifled cannon at Fort Ellsworth - the formidable earthworks which have been in the course of erection for several weeks on Shuter's Hill, and are now approaching completion - resulted in giving the utmost satisfaction. Thirty ten pounders were fired. All the guns have been mounted, and the fort is well garrisoned, including a force of regulars. Guns are also placed outside commanding the roads. They have been constructed under the superintendence of Captain Wright."

National Republican (Washington, D. C.), 27 June, 1861 - Camps about Alexandria, 26 June, 1861

"The twenty-fifth (Albany) regiment, Colonel Bryan, celebrated the day by dedicating their fort 'Fort Albany'. The fort covers about five acres of ground, and is situated on Prospect Hill, commanding the Long Bridge and the road leading to Fort Runyon."

National Republican (Washington, D. C.), 8 July, 1861 - Dedication of Fort Albany

"The works at the Virginia end of the Long Bridge are progressing finely, and begin to assume the shape of a fort, on the end of the peninsula, enclosing Jackson City. The grove of trees which skirted the road between Fort Runyon (Columbia Springs) and Fort Albany (Roach's place) has been cut down, leaving an open field for military operations."

Evening Star (Washington, D. C.), 16 July, 1861 - Defensive works over the river

Books/ Manuscripts

Official Army Register for September 1861, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, 1 September, 1861

Report of Brigadier General R C Schenck, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army

A report on the defenses of Washington, D. C., to the chief of engineers, U.S. Army, by Brevet Major General J G Barnard

Bull Run Remembers, by Joseph M Hanson

Mr Lincoln's forts: A guide to the Civil War defenses of Washington D. C., New Edition, by Benjamin F Cooling II and Walton H Owen II

American Civil War fortifications No.2: Land and field fortifications, by Ron Field and illustrated by Peter Dennis

Notes

Major J G Barnard, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed chief engineer, McDowell's Army, under the command of Brigadier General I McDowell, United States Army, on 2 July, 1861.

Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbour, South Carolina, 12 & 13 April, 1861: Captain J G Foster, First Lieutenant G W Snyder, and Second Lieutenant R K Meade, United States Corps Engineers, were stationed at Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbour, South Carolina, on 12 and 13 April, 1861.

Defenses of Washington, D. C., 28 April, 1861-10 March, 1862: First Lieutenant F E Prime, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed assistant engineer in the construction of the defenses of Washington, D. C., between 28 April and 3 July, 1861; Captain D P Woodbury, United States Corps Engineers, between 29 April, 1861, and 10 March, 1862; Second Lieutenant H M Robert, United States Corps Engineers, between 29 April and 17 October, 1861; Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, between 1 May and 8 July, 1861; Second Lieutenant D C Houston, United States Corps Engineers, between 13 May, 1861, and 6 February, 1862, and First Lieutenant G W Snyder and Brevet Second Lieutenant C E Cross, United States Corps Engineers, between 27 May and 1 July, 1861.

Note: Second Lieutenant H M Robert, United States Corps Engineers, was on a leave of absence between 27 November, 1860 and 27 April, 1861.

United States Military Academy, south of West Point, Orange County, New York, to Washington, D. C, detachment of United States Military Academy Cadets, 5-8 May, 1861: A detachment of United States Military Academy Cadets (43), under the command of Cadet H W Kingsbury, United States Military Academy, was ordered to Washington, D. C., in the afternoon on 5 May, 1861, and was stationed at New York City, New York County, New York, on 6 May, 1861. The detachment of United States Military Academy Cadets arrived at Walnut Street Wharf, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, at 9.45 PM on 7 May, 1861, and was temporarily arrested and detained at Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, between 7 and 8 May, 1861. The detachment of United States Military Academy Cadets was ordered to proceed by the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad to Perryville, Cecil County, Maryland, in the morning on 8 May, 1861, and was ordered to proceed by the steamers Ariel and Georgeanna on the Susquehanna River to Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, at 5 AM on 8 May 1861. The detachment of United States Military Academy Cadets was accompanied bythe 20th New York State Militia and arrived by the Washington Branch, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, at Washington, D. C., via Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, and Annapolis Junction, Howard County, Maryland, in the evening on 8 May, 1861.

Note: Cadet CE Cross, United States Military Academy, was ordered to Washington, D. C., in the afternoon on 5 May, 1861, and was appointed brevet second lieutenant, United States Corps Engineers, by General Orders No.21, War Department, Adjutant and General's Office, Washington, D. C., 17 May, 1861, dated 6 May, 1861.

Occupation of Alexandria County, Virginia, 23-24 May, 1861: Captains D P Woodbury and C E Blunt, First Lieutenant D C Houston, and Second Lieutenants C E Cross, United States Corps Engineers, were assigned to the right column, under the command of Captain W H Wood, 3rd United States Infantry, Company C; Captain B S Alexander, First Lieutenant F E Prime, and Second Lieutenant H M Robert to the centre column, under the command of Acting Inspector General & Major S P Heintzelman, 1st United States Infantry, and Captain H G Wright as a volunteer aide to Colonel S P Heintzelman, 17th United States Infantry, in the morning on 24 May, 1861 (See Occupation of Arlington Heights and Alexandria).

Note: The the 5th New State Militia, Corps Engineers, and the 28th New State Militia, Company E, under the command of First Lieutenant D C Houston, United States Corps Engineers, destroyed the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad and two bridges in the vicinity of the junction of the wagon road and the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad in the morning on 24 May, 1861.

Ross', Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, & Long Bridge, Washington, D. C., 25 May, 1861: The 69th New State Militia, under the supervision of Captain D P Woodbury, United States Corps Engineers, was assigned to build entrenchments at Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, and the 7th New State Militia, under the supervision of Captain B S Alexander, United States Corps Engineers, at the Long Bridge, Washington, D. C., on 25 May, 1861.

Fort Runyon, at the junction of the Columbia & the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, 27 May, 1861: Major J G Barnard, Captains B S Alexander and C E Blunt, First Lieutenants F E Prime and D C Houston, Second Lieutenants H M Robert, United States Corps Engineers, and detachments of the 7th New York State Militia, the 2nd New Jersey Militia, Companies A, B, C, F, G, and H, the 3rd New Jersey Militia, and 4th New Jersey Militia were stationed at the works at the junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia, 27 May, 1861.

McDowell's Army, 15 July, 1861: Captain B S Alexander and Second Lieutenant D C Houston, United States Corps Engineers, were assigned to the First Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Brigadier General D Tyler, Connecticut Militia; Captain D P Woodbury and Brevet Second Lieutenant C E Cross to the Second Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel D Hunter, 3rd United States Cavalry, Captain H G Wright, First Lieutenant G W Snyder to the Third Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel S P Heintzelman, 17th United States Infantry, and Brevet Second Lieutenant F U Farquhar as acting aide de camp to Colonel S P Heintzelman, 17th United States Infantry, Third Division, McDowell's Army, and First Lieutenant F E Prime to the Fifth Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel D S Miles, 2nd United States Infantry, on 15 July, 1861.

Captain C E Blunt, United States Corps Engineers, 4 May-20 November, 1861: Captain C E Blunt, United States Corps Engineers, was appointed assistant engineer in the construction of the defenses of Washington, D. C., between 4 May and 20 November, 1861.

Reports

OFFICIAL REPORT NO.7: SERIES I, VOLUME 2 (S# 2), CHAPTER IX, pp.328-333
Major J G Barnard, United States Corps of Engineers

OFFICIAL REPORT NO.8: SERIES I, VOLUME 2 (S# 2), CHAPTER IX, pp.233-234
Captain D P Woodbury, United States Corps of Engineers

OFFICIAL REPORT NO.9: SERIES I, VOLUME 2 (S# 2), CHAPTER IX, pp.234-236
First Lieutenant F E Prime, United States Corps of Engineers

Orders of Battle

The above painting, 'New York's Bravest', is by Don Troiani, modern America's finest historical artist.