The Fourth Alabama Painting by Don Troiani

Fourth Brigade, First Division

Colonel R Cowdin, 1st Massachusetts Infantry

Colonel R Cowdin, 1st Massachusetts Infantry

First Massachusetts Infantry

Mustered in United States service for three years 23, 24, 25, and 27 May, 1861. Arrived at Washington, D. C., 17 June, 1861

COLONEL R COWDIN
Colonel R Cowdin, 1st Regiment Infantry, First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, was appointed colonel, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 1 May, 1861, dated 27 May, 1861, and brigadier general, United States Volunteers, on 1 October, 1862.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL G D WELLS
Captain G D Wells, 2nd Battalion Infantry, First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Company D, was appointed lieutenant colonel, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 1 May, 1861, dated 27 May, 1861, and colonel, 34th Massachusetts Infantry, on 11 July, 1862.

MAJOR C P CHANDLER
Major T L D Perkins, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, was sick at Washington, D. C., on 18 May, 1861, and Captain C P Chandler, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company A, was appointed major, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 27 May, 1861.

Company A 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Company A: CAPT. E A WILD
The company was accepted in state service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, under the command of Captain C P Chandler, on 27 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 23 May, 1861. Captain C P Chandler, a 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company A, was appointed major, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, on 27 May, 1861.
Company B Union Guards, 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Company B: CAPT. E PEARL
The company was accepted in state service for three years at East Boston District, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 27 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 23 May, 1861. A detachment (20), under the command of First Lieutenant G H Johnston and Sergeant G Forrest, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Companies E and G, respectively, was assigned to Brethschneider's Battalion Light Infantry, under the command of Captain G R Brethschneider, 2nd Michigan Infantry, Company E, on 14 July, 1861, and Captain E Pearl, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company B, was discharged on 3 August, 1861. He resigned on 18 August, 1861, and First Lieutenant G H Smith, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company B, was appointed captain, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company B, on 26 August 1861 (See Brethschneider's Battalion Infantry)
Company C (1st) Greenough Guards: CAPT. J H Barnes
The company was accepted in state service for three years at East Boston District, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 25 April, 1861, and was temporarily assigned to the 4th Massachusetts Infantry, Company K, at Fort Monroe, Artillery School of Practice, Old Point Comfort, Elizabeth City County, Virginia, between 18 May and 15 July, 1861. The company was assigned to the 29th Massachusetts Infantry, Company K, on 13 December, 1861.
Company C (2nd)/L North End True Blues: CAPT. G WALKER
The company was accepted in state service for three years at North End and East Boston Districts, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, in the afternoon on 24 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 27 May, 1861.
Company D Roxbury City Guards, 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Company D: CAPT. E W STONE, Jr.
The company was accepted in state service for three years at Roxbury District, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, under the command of Captain J J Dyer, on 27 April, 1861, and First Lieutenant E W Stone, Jr., 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company D, was appointed captain, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company D, on 29 April, 1861. The company was mustered in United States service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 24 May, 1861.
Company E Pulaski Guards, 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Company E: CAPT. C B BALDWIN
The company was accepted in state service for three years at South Boston District, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 27 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 25 May, 1861.
Company F National Guards, 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Company F: CAPT. A W ADAMS
The company was accepted in state service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 27 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 24 May, 1861. Captain A W Adams, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company F, was discharged on 3 August, 1861, and resigned on 18 August, 1861.
Company G Independent Boston Fusiliers: CAPT. H A SNOW
The company was accepted in state service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 27 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 23 May, 1861. A detachment (20), under the command of First Lieutenant G H Johnston and Sergeant G Forrest, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Companies E and G, respectively, was assigned to Brethschneider's Battalion Light Infantry, under the command of Captain G R Brethschneider's, on 14 July, 1861, and Captain H A Snow, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Company G, was discharged on 3 August, 1861. He resigned on 18 August, 1861 (See Brethschneider's Battalion Infantry).
Company H Chelsea Volunteers/ Light Infantry: CAPT. S CARRUTH
The company was accepted in state service for three years at Chelsea, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 27 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 23 May, 1861.
Company I Boston Volunteers/ Schouler Guards: CAPT. C E RAND
The company was accepted in state service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 19 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 24 May, 1861.
Company K Chadwick Light Infantry: CAPT. A G CHAMBERLAIN
The company was accepted in state service for three years at Roxbury District, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 19 April, 1861, and was mustered in United States service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 24 May, 1861.
Band: Band LDR. J H Proctor

Organisation of 1st Massachusetts Infantry at the first battle of Bull Run, 21 July, 1861: Colonel R Cowdin, Lieutenant Colonel G D Wells, Major C P Chandler; Company A, Captain E A Wild; Company B, Union Guards, Captain E Pearl; Company C (2nd)/L, North End True Blues, Captain G Walker; Company D, Roxbury City Guards, Captain E W Stone, Jr.; Company E, Pulaski Guards, Captain C E Baldwin; Company F, National Guards, Captain A W Adams; Company G, Independent Boston Fusiliers, Captain H A Snow; Company H, Chelsea Volunteers/ Light Infantry, Captain S Carruth; Company I, Boston Volunteers/ Schouler Guards, Captain C E Rand; Company K, Chadwick Light Infantry, Captain A G Chamberlain

Sources

"The First Regiment of Infantry, under Col. Cowdin, appeared yesterday afternoon and marched through our principal streets. They were joined by the North End True Blues, East Boston Volunteers, Chelsea Volunteers, and Captain Rand's company, and numbered 766 men."

Boston Daily Advertiser (Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts), 4 May, 1861 - Parade of the First Infantry

"This regiment, one of the most complete, in every respect of any which has yet arrived here, reached the city about six o'clock last evening by the cars. The Massachusetts first numbers 1,046 men, exclusive of servants. The uniform is a grey jacket, grey overcoat, drab pantaloons, and grey fatigue caps, trimmed with red cord."

National Republican (Washington, D. C.) , 18 June, 1861 - More troops: The arrival of the First Massachusetts Regiment

"Camp Banks, Georgetown Heights, D. C., Thursday, 29 June - The encampment is about four miles from the city, in a place called Drover's Rest, Georgetown, on the bank of the Potomac River. It is a beautiful hill, about 150 feet from the water; the air fine, and there is a large number of apple, paech and cherry trees on the ground. Near us, about three-quarters of a mile, is also stationed the Michigan Regiment, and about a mile and a half the Maine Regiment."

American Traveller (Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts) , 29 June, 1861 - From the First Mass. Regiment

Books/ Manuscripts

First Regiment of Infantry Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Colonel Robert Cowdin, commanding, in service of the United States, in answer to the President's first call for troops to suppress the rebellion, 15 April, 1861, compiled from original papers in the Adjutant General and Auditor's offices of the Commonwealth

History of the First Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry, from the 25th of May, 1861, to the 25th of May, 1864, by Warren H Cudworth

Massachusetts Register, 1862, containing a record of the Government and Institutions of the State, together with a very complete account of the Massachusetts Volunteers, Serial No.94, by Adams, Sampson & Co.

The glories of war: Small battles and early heroes of 1861, by Charles P Poland, Jr.

The Union Army: A history of military affairs in the loyal states 1861-65, records of the regiments in the Union Army, cyclopedia of battles, memoirs of commanders and soldiers, Volume 1, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Delaware

Notes

The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was authorised by a proclamation calling for 42,034 volunteers to serve three years, unless sooner discharged, by General Orders No.15, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 4 May, 1861, dated 3 May, 1861, and was accepted in state service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 22 May, 1861.

Note: The 1st Regiment Infantry, First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, was ordered to rendezvous at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by Special Order No.100, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Headquarters, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 27 April, 1861.

Orders No.14, Headquarters, First Regiment Infantry, First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, 27 April, 1861: The captains of the companies of the 1st Regiment Infantry, First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, were ordered to rendezvous at Hancock House, on 30 Beacon Street, on Beacon Hill, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by Orders No.14, Headquarters, First Regiment of Infantry, First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, at 9 AM on 28 April, 1861, dated 27 April, 1861.

Note: Special Orders No.100, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Headquarters, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, was revoked by Special Orders No.183, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Headquarters, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 7 May, 1861.

First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, 15 April, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, on 15 April. 1861.

Organisation of 1st Massachusetts Infantry, 27 April, 1861: Colonel R Cowdin, Lieutenant Colonel I Burrell, Major T L D Perkins; Company A, 1st Massachusetts (Volunteer) Militia, Company A, Captain C P Chandler; Company B, Union Guards, 1st Massachusetts (Volunteer) Militia, Company B, Captain E Pearl; Company C, Greenough Guards, Captain J H Barnes; Company D, Roxbury City Guards, 1st Massachusetts (Volunteer) Militia, Company D, Captain J J Dyer; Company E, Pulaski Guards, 1st Massachusetts (Volunteer) Militia, Company E, Captain C B Baldwin; Company F, National Guards, 1st Massachusetts (Volunteer) Militia, Company F, Captain A W Adams; Company G, Independent Boston Fusiliers, Captain H A Snow; Company H, Chelsea Volunteers/ Light Infantry, Captain S Carruth; Company I, Boston Volunteers, Captain C E Rand; Company K, Chadwick Light Infantry, Captain A G Chamberlain; Company L, North End True Blues, Captain G Walker

Note: The 1st Regiment Infantry, Companies A, B, D, E, and F, First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia; the North End True Blues, Greenough Guards, and Chelsea Volunteers/ Light Infantry were stationed at Pemberton Square, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, in the afternoon on 3 May, 1861, and the 1st Regiment Infantry, Company F, First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia; the Chadwick Light Infantry and the Boston Volunteers/ Schouler Guards at Washington Street, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, at 1 PM on 16 May, 1861.

Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, to Fort Monroe, Artillery School of Practice, Old Point Comfort, Elizabeth City County, Virginia, Company C (1st), 18 May, 1861: The Greenough Guards was ordered to proceed by the steamer Cambridge to Fort Monroe, Artillery School of Practice, Old Point Comfort, Elizabeth City County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 18 May, 1861.

Steamer Cambridge: 3rd Massachusetts Infantry, Company C (79), Captain L Leach; Company D (78), Captain C Chipman; Company E (77), Captain S H Doten; 4th Massachusetts Infantry, Company A (45), Sergeant J M Drake; Company D (22), Sergeant E Cottle; Company F (12), Sergeant S W Bryant; Company H (22), Sergeant W H Jacobs; Company I (37), Sergeant L S Bent; Greenough Guards (75), Captain J T Barnes

Note: Major T L D Perkins, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, was sick at Washington, D. C., on 18 May, 1861.

Faneuil Hall, on Market Street, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, Companies C (2nd)/L, I, & K, 26 May, 1861: The North End True Blues, the Boston Volunteers/ Schouler Guards, and the Chadwick Light Infantry were stationed at Faneuil Hall, on Market Street, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, under the command of Major T L D Perkins, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, on 26 May, 1861.

Note: The Boston Volunteers/ Schouler Guards arrived at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, on 21 May, 1861.

Mustered for three years, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, 23, 24, 25, & 27 May, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Companies A, B, G, and H, were mustered in United States service for three years at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by First Lieutenant T J C Amory, 7th United States Infantry, Company D, on 23 May, 1861; Companies D, F, K, and I on 24 May, 1861; Company E on 25 May, 1861; and Company C (2nd)/L at 10 AM on 27 May, 1861.

Designation of 1st Massachusetts Infantry, 1 June, 1861: Company A, Captain E A Wild; Company B, Captain E Pearl; Company C, Captain G Walker; Company D, Captain E W Stone, Jr.; Company E, Captain C B Baldwin; Company F, Captain A W Adams; Company G, Captain H A Snow; Company H, Captain S Carruth; Company I, Captain C E Rand; Company K, Captain A G Chamberlain

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was organised at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, by General Orders No.16, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Headquarters, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, 1 June, 1861.

Boston, Suffolk County, to junction of the Watertown Branch, Fitchburg Railroad, & Concord Avenue, Fresh Pond, west of Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, 1 June, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry arrived at Camp Ellsworth, Reed & Bartlett's Ice house, junction of the Watertown Branch, Fitchburg Railroad, and Concord Avenue, Fresh Pond, west of Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, on 1 June, 1861.

Camp Ellsworth, Reed & Bartlett's Ice house, junction of the Watertown Branch, Fitchburg Railroad, & Concord Avenue, Fresh Pond, west of Cambridge, to Porter's Hotel, on North Avenue, North Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, 13 June, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to North Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, at 4 PM on 13 June, 1861, and arrived at Camp Cameron, a quarter of a mile north of Porter's Hotel, on North Avenue, North Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, at 5.15 PM the same day.

Note: The 11th Massachusetts Infantry was stationed at Camp Cameron, a quarter of a mile north of Porter's Hotel, on North Avenue, North Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, between 17 and 29 June, 1861 (See the 11th Massachusetts Infantry).

Boston to Washington, 15-17 June, 1861

The 1st Massachusetts Infantry (1,045) was ordered to proceed by the Boston & Providence Railroad to Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, in the morning on 15 June, 1861, and arrived by the New Haven, New London & Stonington Railroad at Groton, New London County, Connecticut, at 3 AM on 16 June, 1861. The regiment was ordered to proceed by the steamer Commonwealth on the Thames River to Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, at 5 AM the same day and arrived on the North/ Hudson River at the wharf, junction of Montgomery and Hudson Streets, Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, at 2 PM on 16 June, 1861.

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to the Boston & Providence Railroad Station, Park Square, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, at 4.30 AM on 15 June, 1861.

Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, to Washington, D. C., 16-17 June, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to proceed by the New Jersey Railroad at New Jersey Station, corner of Hudson and Mercer Streets, Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, to Washington, D. C., at 7 PM on 16 June, 1861, and arrived by the Camden Branch, Camden & Amboy Railroad, at Camden, Camden County, New Jersy, in the morning the same day. The regiment arrived by the South Camden Ferry on the Delaware River at Washington Street Wharf, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, at 4 AM on 17 June, 1861, and was ordered to proceed by the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad to Baltimore City, Maryland, at 7 AM the same day. The 1st Massachusetts Infantry arrived at President Street Station, corner of President Street and Canton Avenue, Baltimore City, Maryland, at 12.45/1 PM on 17 June, 1861, and was ordered to proceed by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Camden Station, corner of South Howard and Camden Streets, Baltimore City, Maryland, to Washington, D. C., at 3 PM the same day. The regiment arrived by the Washington Branch, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, at Washington, D. C., via Annapolis Junction, Howard County, Maryland, at 6 PM on 17 June, 1861.

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry arrived by the New Jersey Railroad at New Brunswick, Middelsex County, New Jersey, at 10 PM on 16 June, 1861, and by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Relay House/ Washington Junction, Howard County, Maryland, at 4 PM on 17 June, 1861.

Department of Washington, 17 June-16 July, 1861

Eight companies of the 1st Massachusetts Infantry were stationed at W Woodward's building, corner of West Eleventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, and two companies at West Sixth Street, Washington, D. C., on 17 June, 1861.

W Woodward's building, corner of West Eleventh Street & Pennsylvania Avenue, & West Sixth Street, Washington, to Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles north of Georgetown, D. C., 19 June, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to the Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles west of Georgetown, D. C., at 10/12 PM on 19 June, 1861, and was stationed at Camp Banks, Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, one and a half miles west of Georgetown, D. C., between 19 June and 16 July, 1861.

Special Orders No.167, Paragraph II, Headquarters, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., 2 July, 1861: The 2nd Michigan Infantry, the 3rd Michigan Infantry, the 1st Massachusetts Infantry, and the 12th New York Infantry were assigned to Colonel I B Richardson, 2nd Michigan Infantry, by Special Orders No.167, Paragraph II, Headquarters, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., on 2 July, 1861.

Camp Banks, Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles west of Georgetown, D. C, to Great Falls, on the Potomac River, Montgomery County, Maryland, Companies I & K, 8-15 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Companies I and K, under the command of Major C P Chandler, arrived at Camp Richardson, on the banks of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, opposite of Great Falls, on the Potomac River, Montgomery County, Maryland, on 8 July, 1861, and were stationed at Camp Richardson, on the banks of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, in the vicinity of Great Falls, on the Potomac River, Montgomery County, Maryland, between 8 and 14 July, 1861. Companies I and K were ordered to Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles west of Georgetown, D. C., in the evening on 14 July, 1861, and arrived at Camp Banks, Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles west of Georgetown, D. C., in the morning on 15 July, 1861.

Note: The 8th District of Columbia Battalion Volunteers, under the command of Acting Major & Captain J Gerhardt, Turner Rifles, Company A, was stationed at Camp Great Falls, on the banks of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, opposite Great Falls, on the Potomac River, Montgomery County, Maryland, between 22 June and 10 July, 1861 (See the Rockville Expedition).

Disposition of Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, 15 July, 1861: Colonel I B Richardson, 2nd Michigan Infantry, Camp Winfield Scott, Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles west of Georgetown, D. C.; 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Colonel R Cowdin, Camp Banks, Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles west of Georgetown, D. C.; 2nd Michigan Infantry, Major A W Williams, Camp Winfield Scott, Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles west of Georgetown, D. C.; 3rd Michigan Infantry, Colonel D McConnell, Camp Blair, west of the Washington Aqueduct, on the heights southeast of the Chain/ Little Falls Bridge, on the Potomac River, D. C.; 12th New York Infantry, Colonel E L Walrath, west of the Washington Aqueduct, on the heights southeast of the Chain/ Little Falls Bridge, on the Potomac River, D. C.; Brethschneider's Battalion Light Infantry, Captain G R Brethschneider, 2nd Michigan Infantry, Camp Winfield Scott, Drover's Rest, H Barnes' farm, northwest of the Distributing Reservoir, two miles west of Georgetown, D. C.; 1st United States Artillery, Light Company G, section, First Lieitenant J Edwards, Jr., 3rd United States Artillery, Company B, Fort Runyon, junction of the Columbia and the Washington & Alexandria Turnpikes, Alexandria County, Virginia

General Orders No.13, Headquarters, Department of Northeastern Virginia, Arlington, Alexandria County, Virginia, 8 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was assigned to the Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel I B Richardson, 2nd Michigan Infantry, by General Orders No.13, Headquarters, Department of Northeastern Virginia, Arlington, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 8 July, 1861.

Note: A detachment of the 1st Massachusetts Infantry (40), Companies B and G, under the command of First Lieutenant G H Johnston, Company E, and Sergeant G Forrest, Company G, were assigned to Brethschneider's Battalion Light Infantry, under the command of Captain G R Brethschneider, 2nd Michigan Infantry, Company E, on 14 July, 1861 (See Brethschneider's Battalion Light Infantry).

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was stationed at Camp Banks, east of the Distributing Reservoir, one and a half miles north of Georgetown, D. C., between 19 June and 16 July, 1861.

Department of Northeastern Virginia, 16 July-13 August, 1861, & Advance to Centreville, 16-18 July, 1861

The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered across the Chain/ Little Falls Bridge, on the Potomac River, D. C., at 3/4 PM on 16 July, 1861, and arrived south of Vienna, via Lewinsville and Old Courthouse, a quarter of a mile southeast of Freedom Hill,, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 9 PM the same day.

Vienna to Piney Branch, three miles west of Germantown, Fairfax County, Virginia, 17 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to Fairfax Courthose, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 6 AM on 17 July, 1861, and arrived by the road between Germantown and Flint Hill at Germantown, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 1 PM the same day. The regiment was ordered to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 17 July, 1861, and arrived at Piney Branch, three miles west of Germantown, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 5 PM the same day.

Advance of Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, 8/9 AM 17 July, 1861: The Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, was stationed at the road between Flint Hill and Vienna, north of Flint Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 8/9 AM on 17 July, 1861.

Piney Branch, three miles west of Germantown, to Little Rocky Run, one mile east of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, 17 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 7 AM on 18 July, 1861, and arrived at Little Rocky Run, one mile east of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 9 AM the same day.

Little Rocky Run, one mile east of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, to road between Blackburn's Ford & Centreville, one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, 18 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to the road between Blackburn's Ford and Centreville, one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, at 10/11 AM on 18 July, 1861.

Reconnaissance one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, Companies G & H, 18 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Companies G and H, under the command of Colonel I B Richardson, 2nd Michigan Infantry, was ordered on a reconnaissance one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, at 9/10 AM on 18 July, 1861, and was accompanied by the 2nd United States Cavalry, Companies G and I, under the command of Captain A G Brackett, 2nd United States Cavalry, Company I, and Brigadier General Tyler, Connecticut Militia (See the United States Battalion Cavalry).

Skirmish at Blackburn's Ford, 18 July, 1861

The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was engaged in a skirmish at Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, in the afternoon on 18 July, 1861.

Troops engaged in a skirmish at Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, 18 July, 1861: Brigadier General Tyler, Connecticut Militia; Colonel I B Richardson, 2nd Michigan Infantry; Brethschneider's Battalion Light Infantry, Captain G R Brethschneider, 2nd Michigan Infantry, Company E; 2nd Michigan Infantry, Major A W Williams; 3rd Michigan Infantry, D McConnell; 12th New York Infantry, Colonel E L Walwrath; 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Colonel R Cowdin; 2nd United States Cavalry, Companies G & I, Captain A G Brackett, 2nd United States Cavalry, Company I; two 20 pounder Parrott rifles, 1st United States Artillery, Light Company G, First Lieutenant J R Edwards, Jr., 3rd United States Artillery, Company B; two 12 pounder field howitzers, 3rd United States Artillery, Light Company E, Captain R B Ayres, 5th United States Artillery, Light Company F

List of killed, etc, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, at Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, 18 July, 1861: Company D, w 2, t 2; Company G, k 6, w/m 1, 9 m, t 16; Company H, k 6, w 7, t 13; Company I, k 1, w 2, t 3; Company K, m 1, t 1; Killed 13, wounded 11, wounded/missing 1, missing 10, total 35

Return of casualties in the 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, at Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, 18 July, 1861: Killed 10, wounded 8, missing 14, total 32

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered one mile east of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the evening on 18 July, 1861, and to the road between Blackburn's Ford and Centreville, one mile south of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 19 July, 1861.

General Orders No.22, Headquarters, Department of Northeastern Virginia, Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, 20 July, 1861: The Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel I B Richardson, 2nd Michigan Infantry, was assigned to the Fifth Division, McDowell's Army, under the command of Colonel D S Miles, 2nd United States Infantry, by General Orders No.22, Headquarters, Department of Northeastern Virginia, Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, on 20 July, 1861.

First battle of Bull Run, 21 July, 1861

The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was stationed at the road between Blackburn's Ford and Centreville, one mile south of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 21 July, 1861.

Advance to Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, 21 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, at 2.30 AM on 21 July, 1861.

West & east of road between Blackburn's Ford & Centreville, one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, 21 July, 1861: Seven companies of the 1st Massachusetts Infantry were stationed west of the road between Blackburn's Ford and Centreville, one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River; Companies I and K at A S Grigsby's farm, one and a half miles south of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia; and one company between the road between Blackburn's Ford and Centreville, one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, and Grigsby's farm, one and a half miles south of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, on 21 July, 1861.

Note: The 2nd United States Artillery, Light Company G, was stationed at the road between Blackburn's Ford and Centreville, one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, and the 3rd Michigan Infantry east of the road between Blackburn's Ford and Centreville, one mile north of Blackburn's Ford, on the Bull Run River, on 21 July, 1861.

Withdrawal to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, 21 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 5 PM on 21 July, 1861.

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was stationed east of the road between Centreville and Blackburn's Ford, one and a half miles south of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the evening on 21 July, 1861.

Retreat to Washington, 21-22 July, 1861

The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 2 AM on 22 July, 1861, and arrived at the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., at 12 PM the same day.

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered across the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., at 2 PM on 22 July, 1861, and arrived at Camp Banks, east of the Distributing Reservoir, half a mile northwest of Georgetown, D. C., in the afternoon on 22 July, 1861.

List of killed, etc, 1st Massachusetts Infantry, at the first battle of Bull Run, 21 July, 1861: Company I, k 1, t 1; Company K, w 1, t 1; Killed 1, wounded 1, total 2

Camp Banks, east of the Distributing Reservoir, half a mile northwest of Georgetown, D. C., to Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, 23 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered across the Aqueduct Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Georgetown, D. C., to Arlington Heights, Alexandria County, Virginia, at 12 PM on 23 July, 1861.

Rendezvous at Union Hall building, corner of West Sixth Street & Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C., 24 July, 1861: The 2nd Maine Infantry, the 12th New York Infantry, the 2nd Michigan Infantry, the 3rd Michigan Infantry, the 1st Massachusetts Infantry, the 1st Connecticut Infantry, the 2nd Connecticut Infantry, and the 3rd Connecticut Infantry were ordered to rendezvous at Union Hall building, corner of West Sixth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C., at 12 PM on 24 July, 1861.

Note: The 25th New York State Militia was ordered across the Long Bridge, on the Potomac River, to Treasury Park, on North B Street, between West Seventeenth and Fifteenth Streets, Washington, D. C., on 25 July, 1861 (See the 25th New York State Militia).

Arlington Heights to Fort Albany, northwest J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, 25 July, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered to Fort Albany, northwest of J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 25 July, 1861, and was stationed at Fort Albany, northwest of J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, between 25 July and 13 August, 1861.

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry, the 1st United States Artillery, Light Company G (75), and the 5th United States Artillery, Light Company D (120), under the command of Captain C Griffin, 5th United States Artillery, Light Company D, were stationed at Fort Albany, northwest of J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 29 July, 1861.

Fort Albany, northwest of J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, to Bladensburg, Prince George's County, Maryland, 13 August, 1861: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was ordered across the Long Bridge, on the Potomac River, at Washington, D. C., to Bladensburg, Prince George's County, Maryland, at 8 AM on 13 August, 1861.

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry, the 11th Massachusetts Infantry, the 2nd New Hampshire Infantry, and the 26th Pennsylvania Infantry, under the command of Brigadier General J Hooker, United States Volunteers, were stationed at Camp Union, south of Bladensburg, Prince George's County, Maryland, on 16 August, 1861, and the 14th Massachusetts Infantry, under the command of Colonel W B Greene, was ordered to Fort Albany, northwest of J Roach's farm, Prospect Hill, on Hoe Hill, 200 yards south of the tollgate on the Columbia Turnpike, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 18 August, 1861.

Mustered out, Boston Common, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, 25 May, 1864: A detachment of forty-five men of the 1st Massachusetts Infantry not entitled to be mustered out were assigned to the 11th Massachusetts Infantry on 21 May, 1864, and the 1st Massachusetts Infantry, under the command of Colonel N B McLaughlin, was mustered out at Boston Common, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, in the afternoon on 25 May, 1864 (See the 11th Massachusetts Infantry).

Colonel I B Richardson, 2nd Michigan Infantry, Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, 25 April, 1861: I B Richardson was appointed colonel, 2nd Michigan Infantry, by Special Orders No.6, Paragraph I, Military Department, Michigan, Adjutant General's Office, Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, on 25 April, 1861, and was assigned to command the 2nd Michigan Infantry, the 3rd Michigan Infantry, the 1st Massachusetts Infantry, and the 12th New York Infantry by Special Orders No.167, Paragraph II, Headquarters, Department of Washington, Washington, D. C., on 1 July, 1861.Colonel I B Richardson, 2nd Michigan Infantry, was assigned to command the Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, by General Orders No.13, Headquarters, Department of Northeastern Virginia, Arlington, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 8 July, 1861, and was appointed brigadier general, United States Volunteers, by General Orders No.62, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 20 August, 1861, dated 17 May, 1861.

General Orders No.21, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., Cadet R L Eastman, United States Military Academy, 17 May, 1861, dated 6 May, 1861: Cadet R L Eastman, United States Military Academy, was ordered to Washington, D. C., in the afternoon on 5 May, 1861, and arrived by the Washington Branch, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, in the evening on 8 May, 1861. He was appointed second lieutenant, 6th United States Infantry, Company K, by General Orders No.21, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 17 May, 1861, dated 6 May, 1861, and was assigned as acting assistant adjutant general, Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, at the first battle of Bull Run on 21 July, 1861.

Note: Cadet C H Brightly, United States Military Academy, was ordered to Washington, D. C., on 30 June, 1861, and arrived in the morning on 3 July, 1861. He was appointed brevet second lieutenant, 4th United States Infantry, by General Orders No.41, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 3 July, 1861, dated 24 June, 1861, and was assigned to special duty as a drill instructor at Washington, D. C., in the afternoon on 3 July, 1861. Brevet Second Lieutenant C H Brightly, 4th United States Infantry, was appointed acting assistant quartermaster, Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, at the first battle of Bull Run on 21 July, 1861.

Brigadier General D Tyler, Connecticut Militia, First Division, McDowell's Army, 10 May, 1861: D Tyler was appointed colonel, 1st Connecticut Infantry, on 23 April, 1861, and brigadier general, Connecticut Militia, on 10 May, 1861. Brigadier General D Tyler, Connecticut Militia, arrived at Camp McDowell/ Tyler, a quarter of a mile south of W Taylor's Tavern, north of the Leesburg & Alexandria Turnpike, one mile southwest of Falls Church, Fairfax County, Virginia, on 18 June, 1861, and was ordered to Washington, D. C., in the evening on 6 July, 1861. He was assigned to command the First Division, McDowell's Army, by General Orders No.13, Headquarters, Department of Northeastern Virginia, Arlington, Alexandria County, Virginia, on 8 July, 1861, and was mustered out on 11 August, 1861.

Note: Cadets J C Audenried, P H O'Rorke, and E Upton, United States Military Academy, were ordered to Washington, D. C., on 30 June, 1861, and arrived in the morning on 3 July, 1861. Cadet J C Audenried, United States Military Academy, was appointed second lieutenant, 1st United States Cavalry, Company F; Cadet P H O'Rorke, United States Military Academy, brevet second lieutenant, United States Corps Engineers; and Cadet E Upton, United States Military Academy, second lieutenant, 4th United States Artillery, Company H, by General Orders No.41, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C., on 3 July, 1861, dated 24 June, 1861, and were assigned to special duty as drill instructors at Washington, D. C., in the afternoon on 3 July, 1861. Second Lieutenant J C Audenried, 1st United States Cavalry, Company F; Brevet Second Lieutenant P H O'Rorke, United States Corps Engineers; and Second Lieutenant E Upton, 4th United States Artillery, Company H, were appointed aide de camps to Brigadier General D Tyler, Connecticut Militia, at the first battle of Bull Run on 21 July, 1861.

Organisation of Brigadier General J Hooker's brigade, Division of the Potomac, 4 August, 1861: Brigadier General J Hooker, United States Volunteers; 1st Massachusetts Infantry, Colonel R Cowdin; 11th Massachusetts Infantry, Colonel G Clark, Jr.; 2nd New Hampshire Infantry, Lieutenant Colonel F S Fiske; 26th Pennsylvania Infantry, Colonel W F Small

Note: The 1st Massachusetts Infantry was assigned to Brigadier General J Hooker's brigade, Division of the Potomac, by Special Orders No.10, Headquarters, Division of the Potomac, Washington, D. C., on 4 August, 1861.

Reports

OFFICIAL REPORT NO.28: Series I, Volume 2 (Serial No.2), Chapter IX, pp373-377
Colonel I B Richardson, Second Michigan Infantry, Fourth Brigade, First Division, McDowell's Army, dated near Arlington, Alexandria County, Virginia, 25 July, 1861

OFFICIAL REPORT NO.16: Series I, Volume 2 (Serial No.2), Chapter IX, pp348-352
Brigadier General D Tyler, (Militia) Connecticut Volunteers, First Division, McDowell's Army, dated Washington, D. C., 27 July, 1861